The World of miniature paintings: the smaller, the craftier

 

The smaller the art, the better precision, and attention to detail it has to offer. Breathtaking in their entirety, miniature arts have been there in various cultures and religions since time immemorial. But approximately ranging back to the 12th century is when these miniature paintings came to be known by the name they are today. These all came down to the very fact that the size of parchments became smaller which in turn was a real tester for showcasing the praiseworthy skills of the artists.

Miniature arts over time have been symbolic of immense love, patience, and acute craftsmanship. Derived from the Latin word 'miniature', which means to color with red lead, these illustrations, in the beginning, are smeared with the same. Over time the thumb rule stated strictly that the subject should be represented in drawing or sculpture in 1/6th of its actual size. The oldest miniatures can be traced back to the 2nd-century BC in Babylon where a nobleman named Mani used these artistic expressions to illustrate his most holy book the ‘Artang’.

Various countries around the globe are home to myriad ranges of miniature art. Let's catch a glimpse of some of the most influential miniature art from hooks and corners of the world.

The Persian miniature art (Ottoman Miniatures ):

Between the 13th to 16th century in the Turkish/ Ottoman Empire, these miniature paintings flourished. These illuminations accompanied texts in the praise of the emperor and other influential ministers.   Influenced by the culture of Sufism, these arts were crafted with realism in mind. Also, the Islamic geometrical art guidelines were followed which with the passing of time gained more depth and colorful variations. There was also a jab of Chinese art influence seen in these artworks. Mostly inspired by poetry, stories, mythology, books were also illustrated using this craft that took months to teach it's the destination. The most notable miniatures were from the epic poem ‘Shahnameh’ by the Safavid king Shah Tahmasp in 1527.

The Indian miniature art :

A land of diversification, India housed a plethora of miniature art forms, one different from the other. These art forms never could influence each other given the barrier of language and varied culture and customs. There were 5 major schools of Miniature art with 17 subschools. The oldest miniature dates back to the 9th century AD which had the portrayals of Devadasis and the Kamasutra on palm leaf manuscripts. A manuscript which was crafted under the Pala King Ramapala(11th century) named Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita ‘The Perfection of Wisdom’ has miniature illustrations on the covers of the book. From Sanskrit texts to Mughal depictions, this land has given some of the richest variety of miniature artworks.

European Miniature Art:

Miniature art in Europe was a form of expression that came out as a natural outcome of the Roman iconography. In its early days, these miniature paintings were mostly drawings in manuscripts to depict stories that could help the ones with no knowledge of reading, understand them. Miniatures vastly are divided into two segments – illuminated scripts and portrait miniatures. The earliest miniatures are the illustrations of the Iliad made in the 3rd century. There were various methods required for these paintings that were of freehand drawing techniques, employment of gold, body-color, coloring, decorative borders, and so on.   From storybooks to the bible- everything was being illustrated with realistic pictures by the end of the 15th-century.

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How to Get Facetime On iPhone and Android Devices

 

It’s all about the iPhone from Apple that has bought on many cool features. This is just an adventure that you can enjoy on technology. Yes, it’s the Facetime for iPhone which features with the new video phone call feature called the face time. This might be controversial but is one of the most popular ones. There is indeed a 2-way video calling feature which allows the iPhone users to make a call to another person and not just enjoy talking but also see the other part of communication with them.

Though this is not considered as a revolution because this system is also facilitated in other phones, the video chat is an incredible one. For that reason, it is considered as a genius for innovating and invention as like other products from Apple. Here you can also get facetime for android devices. It is noted that the iPhone does have thousands of applications which cover just about the area the mobile phone can cover. It’s the programmers and software developers across the world that create unique software’s that provide with infinite capabilities to iPhone and other smartphones. This is due to the unlimited potential for new applications to be marketed through Apple's app store. There are thousands of developers who daily write applications to Apple iPhone.

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How do I flush DNS?

 

Though most people overlook this, it is good to note that at times DNS lookups can be notoriously slow if one is using a DNS server that is in the users firewall or public. When one faces this sort of slowness performing a reverse DNS lookup is a better option that gives similar results. A reverse DNS lookup uses a method similar to the one used in basic DNS lookup. The only difference is that search criteria used may have more than a single data type. For example one can use an IP address, firms name or even an individual's name to conduct reverse DNS lookup.
Public information available through basic lookup is generally accessible using the reverse mode of basic lookup. A major disadvantage with reverse DNS lookup is that the users domain name does not appear in the header for received and what appears is just the IP address of the mail server.

This should successfully flush the DNS cache

Flushing a DNS, simply refers to the removal of domain requests that are still cached into ones machine. This is especially the case when one inputs the wrong domain name, which keeps causing him/her issues while trying to surf the internet. Flushing the DNS could also be done if multiple lookups of the same address were done. On a computer running on Microsoft Windows, flushing the DNS could be done by running the command prompt and typing the >ipconfig/flushing command.

Macintosh machine

On a Macintosh machine, one should run the dscacheutil -flushcache command to successfully flush the DNS. Flushing the DNS does not require the user to have computer administrative rights and can be done simply by clicking on the start button, pointing the mouse cursor on 'all programs, then 'accessories and finally the 'command prompt. By typing the flushness command, the user can flush and rearrange the DNS resolver cache content. At such, it is an ideal way to discard negative entries from the computers cache.

DNS however

In the process of flushing the DNS however, one may also note different functions when carrying out the flush function depending on the operating system that he/she uses. The flushness command is effective in windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP. Flushing the same in Vista would require one to have administrator rights in order to execute the command accordingly. To run the command as an administrator, one needs to go to start> programs> accessories> command prompt. By right clicking on the Command prompt, one is able to select the administrator option and choose run as administrator. Alternatively, one can access the administrator by right clicking the desktop and choosing the run as administrator option.

 

This is because every time a computer accesses a new website, it stores the DNS in the cache. Subsequent visit to the website may present the same information. In cases where the user accesses the same websites several times a day, DNS flushing allows him/her to access updated information every time she/he logs in.Computers on the home network mostly locate DNS servers through internet-connection setup properties. Providers of these servers give their clients and customers both.